Beef liver contains high concentrations of CoQ10 (33.34 ug/g) with 68.17% bioavailability —substantially higher than muscle tissue. Identified as a key functional food for cellular energy metabolism and antioxidant defense in aging dogs.

Bovine bone broth reduced histological intestinal damage by 54.56% in colitis-induced mice and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine markers (IL-1B and IL-6 and TNF-a). Demonstrates gut-barrier supportive properties of broth's amino acid profile.

A therapeutic diet incorporating bone broth components resolved clinical diarrhea in 31 adult dogs within 56 days. Microbiome analysis confirmed the diet shifted gut metabolism toward beneficial fermentation and increased markers of a healthy longevity microbiome.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled field study (CANIS — Canine Arthrosis Nutritional Intervention Study). BCP supplementation over 12 weeks produced significant improvement in multiple kinetic gait parameters and significantly improved Canine Brief Pain Inventory quality-of-life scores.

Biotin at ~5 mg/10 kg bodyweight daily for 3–5 weeks resolved symptoms in 60% of treated dogs and produced measurable improvement in a further 31%. Conditions addressed included dull/brittle coat, hair loss, scaly skin, and dermatitis.

Six-month pilot study in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Hydrolyzed collagen at 10g/day significantly reduced pain scores and improved mobility. First published canine-specific collagen peptide trial for OA.

Daily collagen peptide supplementation improved digestive function and reduced bloating and supported tight junction integrity in the intestinal epithelium —directly relevant to longevity via the gut-immune axis.

Oral hydrolyzed collagen restored trans-epidermal water loss, increased dermal collagen density, and reduced inflammatory skin markers. Skin hydration and epidermal thickness also improved significantly.

Three-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Daily collagen + Vitamin C + hyaluronic acid produced significant improvements in dermis density, skin texture, and wrinkle severity. Directly validates the triple combination used in Taily’s formula.

Rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT in 61 dogs with naturally occurring OA. Dogs receiving a supplement containing HA showed significant reductions in pain intensity scores, improved mobility, and owner-assessed quality of life at 60 and 90 days.

Glutamine (beef broth's primary amino acid) regulates tight junction proteins and enhances mucin production and prevents intestinal permeability. Serves as primary fuel for enterocytes protecting against a key driver of systemic aging inflammation.

Human-grade beef liver demonstrated crude protein digestibility of 92.8–95.1% and fat digestibility of 98.3–99.0% in dogs. Liver's B-vitamin complex and minerals achieve >80% absorption rates directly supporting cellular energy production.

Randomised controlled trial comparing intra-articular HA injection to conservative management in dogs with OA secondary to hip dysplasia. HA-treated dogs showed significantly greater reductions in pain scores and lameness at 3 and 6 months.

12-month aging study: nicotinamide precursor supplementation suppressed age-associated physiological decline improved energy metabolism and enhanced mitochondrial function. Establishes niacinamide's foundational role in NAD+ biology across aging.

12-month oral NMN study: suppressed age-associated weight gain, enhanced energy metabolism, promoted physical activity, improved insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated eye function. Prevented age-associated gene expression changes in metabolic organs.

70 senior dogs with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment received a niacinamide-based NAD+ precursor blend for 6 months. Full-dose group showed significant improvement in owner-reported Canine Cognitive Dysfunction scores and activity. Most directly relevant canine NAD+ precursor study available.

1000mg NR daily for 30 days significantly increased cerebral NAD+ levels. Well-tolerated and associated with altered cerebral metabolism and mild clinical improvement. First evidence of NR crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Declining NAD+ and niacinamide levels are a hallmark of aging in mammals. Restoration via precursor supplementation reactivated SIRT1 and AMPK pathways improving mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. Establishes the core biological rationale for niacinamide supplementation.

NR supplementation (6 months) improved walking distance by 17.6m vs. placebo. NR combined with resveratrol improved walking by 26.9m —demonstrating functional benefits in vascular disease.

Nicotinamide-based precursor supplementation increased NAD+ by ~40% (standard dose) and ~90% (double dose) over 8 weeks sustained throughout the trial. Safe and tolerable with no adverse effects in 120 healthy older adults.

Niacinamide precursors reduced cellular senescence via NAD+ pathway activation reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in aging lung tissue. Protected against fibrosis.

NAD+ content was significantly decreased in striated muscles of Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy dogs. Niacinamide supplementation modestly reduced muscle inflammation and necrosis demonstrating direct efficacy in restoring NAD+ in canine muscle tissue.

Randomized 60-day trial with 300mg, 600mg, and 900mg NMN: all doses significantly increased blood NAD+ concentrations and were safe. Provides dose-response data supporting NMN supplementation in healthy aging adults.

250mg/day NMN for 10 weeks increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and upregulated muscle remodeling genes in prediabetic women —directly relevant to energy and physical performance in aging.

Long-term NMN significantly reduced arterial stiffness in individuals with above-average BMI and blood glucose —suggesting benefits for the metabolic subgroup most at risk for cardiovascular aging.

Dogs receiving oral HA showed significant reductions in inflammatory joint markers (PGE2, IL-6) and owner-assessed pain scores at 8 weeks. Low-MW HA (as used in liquid supplements) was absorbed via intestinal lymphatics and distributed to periarticular tissue.

NR treatment improved mitochondrial function and delayed senescence in stem cells in aged mice. Enhanced muscle function. Foundational mechanistic study on NR's role in cellular aging research.

NR significantly increased blood NAD+ and was well-tolerated in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Observed a potential reduction in pTau217 —a key Alzheimer's biomarker —suggesting neuroprotective effects worthy of further investigation.

NR significantly increased blood NAD+ and was well-tolerated in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Observed a potential reduction in pTau217 — a key Alzheimer's biomarker — suggesting neuroprotective effects worthy of further investigation.

Randomized double-blind crossover trial confirmed chronic NR is well-tolerated and stimulates NAD+ metabolism. Dose-dependent increases of 22% (100mg), 51% (300mg), and 142% (1000mg) observed within 2 weeks.

12 weeks of NR at 2000mg/day was safe and produced dose-dependent blood NAD+ increases. Establishes NR's strong safety profile across a range of doses.

Foundational pharmacokinetics study measuring quercetin absorption in 9 adult beagle dogs. Establishes effective bioavailability and conjugation behavior of quercetin in dogs informing dosing decisions.

Oral collagen peptide supplementation for 8 weeks significantly improved skin elasticity and dermis density versus placebo. Relevant to dogs because collagen structure and degradation mechanisms in skin are highly conserved across mammals.

Oral HA administration measurably improved synovial fluid biomarkers and joint fluid viscosity in dogs following cruciate ligament surgery. Provides direct evidence that oral HA reaches canine joint tissue at therapeutic concentrations.

Beef liver inclusion showed organic matter digestibility of 95.1–95.8% with no negative impact on fecal quality. Confirmed liver as a superior source of vitamins A and D and B-complex with excellent bioavailability across all nutrients.

Beef liver demonstrates superior amino acid digestibility (>85% for most essential amino acids and several >90%) —significantly higher than standard muscle meat. Organ meats confirmed as optimal protein source for nutrient bioavailability in aging dogs.

Pumpkin polysaccharides significantly reduced blood glucose and lipid levels increased beneficial gut bacteria and shifted intestinal metabolism toward beneficial fermentation. Increased short-chain fatty acid production —key metabolites for gut barrier health.

Oral pumpkin seed extract decreased body fat and reduced reactive oxygen species while promoting expression of antioxidant enzymes Nrf2 and HO-1. Demonstrates pumpkin's ability to combat aging-related oxidative stress through direct antioxidant enzyme upregulation.

12 weeks of pumpkin seed oil prevented age-related increases in total cholesterol and LDL and triglycerides while significantly reducing blood pressure. Cardiovascular-protective effects particularly relevant to aging.

Pumpkin-based supplementation significantly increased plasma antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx and catalase) and reduced oxidative stress biomarkers in adults aged 60+. Beta-carotene and fiber were identified as the primary active components.

Quercetin significantly reduced intracellular oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in stimulated canine immune cells —supporting its role in canine cellular antioxidant defense.

Phase 2 RCT: intermittent quercetin dosing over 20 weeks had beneficial effects on bone formation markers. First Phase 2 trial demonstrating quercetin's senolytic action —clearing senescent cells —with measurable clinical benefit.

Quercetin disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cells via mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms —supporting its role as a natural cellular-stress regulating compound in dogs.

Phase 1 RCT: intermittent quercetin therapy was feasible and well-tolerated in pulmonary fibrosis patients. Establishes translational evidence for quercetin's mechanism of action in age-related inflammatory disease.

Phase 1 RCT: intermittent quercetin therapy was feasible and well-tolerated in pulmonary fibrosis patients. Establishes translational evidence for quercetin's mechanism of action in age-related inflammatory disease.

Quercetin significantly decreased fecal calprotectin and cortisol while increasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids in dogs. First canine study showing quercetin's measurable effect on gut biomarkers.

Resveratrol 50mg/kg/day for 6 weeks preserved cardiac function in aging rats and reduced senescent cell markers. Foundational mechanistic evidence for resveratrol's cardiovascular protective effects.

Resveratrol markedly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in hemangiosarcoma cells via p38 MAPK pathway activation. Also enhanced the growth-inhibitory effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy in canine cancer cells.

200mg/kg resveratrol for 3 days increased neutrophil phagocytosis of E. coli and modulated oxidative burst intensity in healthy dogs. First in vivo canine study confirming resveratrol's immunomodulatory activity.

Dogs naturally develop cardiovascular diseases similar to humans. Review establishes resveratrol's pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits and dogs as the best translational model for human cardiac aging research.

NR combined with resveratrol improved walking distance by 26.9m vs. 17.6m for NR alone —demonstrating meaningful synergistic benefit when both compounds are combined directly relevant to Taily's formula design.

400mg/day resveratrol for 6 months reduced left atrial size and improved cardiac strain. Demonstrated direct cardioprotective effects vs. conventional therapy alone in a clinical trial.

Beagle dogs administered NMN twice daily for 14 days showed only mild transient changes in creatinine and uric acid. No significant adverse effects —supporting the safety of oral NMN in dogs.